Security Impacts Assessment of Active Distribution Network on the Modern Grid Operation—A Review

The future grid will include a high penetration of distributed generation, which have an impact on its security. This paper discusses the latest trends, components, tools, and frameworks aimed at 100% renewable energy generation for emerging grid. technical economic impacts sources (RES)-based (DG) security are also discussed. Moreover, approaches techniques allocating RES-DG into distribution networks using specific performance indices based recent literature were reviewed. Most methods in metaheuristic optimization algorithms that can optimally allocate RES-DGs identified network variables. However, there is need to extend these terms parameters considered, objectives, possible ancillary support upstream network. limitations existing ensuring integrated transmission-active under identified. Lastly, coordination voltage frequency control transmission active system interface investigated. Relevant research areas with focus recommended.